function that an application process resident at the roadside equipment can invoke in order to make the on-board equipment execute a specific operation during the transaction

an attribute specifically defined for the AVI/AEI application

process of identifying equipment or entities that uses the surface transportation infrastructures by means of OBE’s combined with the unambiguous data structure

collation of goods to be moved

NOTE A packet can be a single unit, or a collection of smaller packets and items that will be bundled into a receptacle which will be carried in equipment (such as an ISO intermodal container) as a sub component of an AEI item. Packets are defined by the International Standards of JTC 1/SC 31, Automatic identification and data capture techniques.

entity that is responsible for the definition, implementation or enforcement of security policy

service, provided by a layer of communicating open systems, which ensures adequate security of the systems or of data transfers

certification authority for which public key certificates are issued by the top-level certification authority

NOTE This definition implies that there can be only one “level” of intermediate certification authorities.

complete sequence of interaction by the reader/interrogator where the OBE is unambiguously identified and new data, comprising either whole or part of the full data set, is written onto the OBE by means of the air interface

number assigned to and written into an ERT that acts as an ERT unique identifier

NOTE The ERT number is assumed to be written into the ERT during its manufacture and once written cannot be changed.

device used to read or read/write data from or to an “Electronic Registration Tag” (ERT)

vehicle identifying data which can be obtained from an ERT

NOTE ERI data consists of the vehicle identifier and possible additional vehicle data.

signature data appended to, or a cryptographic transformation of, a data unit that allows a recipient of the data unit to prove the source and integrity of the data unit and protect against forgery, e.g. by the recipient

NOTE See also cryptography.

ERI data in addition to the vehicle identifier

legal or natural person holding an ERT

NOTE The ERT holder could be, for example, the holder of the registration number or the owner, operator or keeper of the vehicle.

passing of a data message, or series of messages, between computers and/or between different software systems

NOTE Within this context an EDI message is normally compatible with the form specified in ISO 9897. EDI is an instance of an EDT transaction.

describe different environmental component properties/specifications

ERI reader not being part of the onboard ERI equipment

NOTE 1 An external ERI reader is fitted neither within nor on the outside of the vehicle.

NOTE 2 A distinction is made between proximity, short-range (DSRC), and remote external readers. A proximity reader can be a PCD (proximity coupling device) as specified in ISO/IEC 14443. A short-range external ERI reader may be a part of roadside equipment, handheld equipment, or mobile equipment. A remote external ERI reader may be part of the back office equipment (BOE).

refers to class 1 requirements for the “ruggedized” system category “A”

string of bits which is the output of a hash-function

entity whose identity can be authenticated

failure to read correctly all or part of a data set

unique identification of a vehicle by wireless communications between an electronic registration tag carried on a vehicle and an electronic registration reader

label, symbol or token that names or identifies an entity or a collection of data or the means of designating or referring to a specific instance of a data concept

action or act of establishing the identity of a specific vehicle

NOTE 1 This is in contrast to vehicle vicinity identification, where the vicinity of a vehicle with a specific identity is detected. With specific vehicle identification, it is also known which specific vehicle has been identified.

NOTE 2 Two kinds of specific vehicle identification may be distinguished: first, localized vehicle identification, in which case the location of the identified vehicle is known with such precision that not more than one vehicle can be present at the same time at that location; second, peer communication identification, in which case the identification of the vehicle engaged in some form of communication (e.g. an EFC transaction) is established.

movement of goods in one or more loading unit(s) or vehicle(s) which uses successively several modes of transport without handling of the goods themselves when changing modes

ability of systems to provide services to and accept services from other systems and to use the services so exchanged to enable them to operate effectively together

entity authentication which provides one entity with the assurance of the other's identity but not vice versa

sequence of symbols that controls the operations of a cryptographic transformation (e.g. encipherment, decipherment, cryptographic check function computation, signature generation, or signature verification)

terminal access control point point administered by the AEI manager where the monitoring of transport objects is performed

document which evidences a contract of the carriage and the taking over or loading of the goods by the carrier, and by which the carrier undertakes to deliver the goods against surrender of the document

NOTE A provision in the document that the goods are to be delivered to the order of a named person, or to order, or to bearer, constitutes such an undertaking. The document has the following functions: — a receipt for goods, signed by a duly authorised person on behalf of the carriers; — a document of title to the goods described therein; — evidence of the terms and conditions of carriage agreed upon between the two parties.

container, designed to fit within the fuselage of an aircraft, used primarily for airfreight or freight loads where part of the trip uses airfreight

pretence by an entity to be a different entity

one way communication between the fixed equipment and OBE(s)

time variant parameter whose value is unpredictable

property that none of the entities involved in a communication can deny in all or in part its participation in the communication

intelligible data, the semantic content of which is available

“Application Area Interoperability” in a region spanning two or more areas with cross-border operation between operator domains, districts or nations, the capability for a nominal AVI/AEI system FE to operate with a nominal AVI/AEI system OBE

two way communications between fixed equipment and OBE(s)

entity which is or represents the entity requiring an authenticated identity

NOTE 1 A verifier includes the functions necessary for engaging in authentication exchanges.

equipment fitted within or on the outside of the vehicle and used for ERI purposes

NOTE The onboard equipment includes the ERT and any communication provisions for the exchange of ERI data with an ERI reader or writer.

time variant parameter whose value is taken from a specified sequence which is non-repeating within a certain time period

person or organization providing a service that requires the vehicle identity and/or other information concerning the vehicle

procedure for registration as defined in ISO/TS 24534-3

data that is transferred to establish the claimed identity of an entity

a device where all or part of the identity and memory can be reprogrammed many times by an external device, but not during a normal 'on the fly' read/write cycle

entity responsible for the operational management of an ERI system

the entity responsible for facilitating the ERR for a defined purpose

commercial operator of an AVI/AEI/RTTT system that uses OBE(s) for the purposes defined in ISO 14814

document which lists complete specifications of the goods loaded for transport to various destinations by a vessel or other means of transport

NOTE As a rule cargo manifests are drawn up by the agents in the ports of loading and are based upon the bills of lading. For shipping, a manifest represents a cumulating of bills of lading for official and administrative purposes.

common term describing an automatic identification system comprising one or more reader/interrogator(s) and one or more OBE(s) in which communication and data transfer is achieved by wireless means of electromagnetic signals

NOTE It varies from low frequency (inductive) to microwave frequencies.

vehicle registration document (paper or smart card) issued by the registration authority for vehicles in which the vehicle and its owner or lessee are registered

information which unambiguously distinguishes an entity

prevention of unauthorized use of a resource, including the prevention of use of a resource in an unauthorized manner

list of entities, together with their access right, which are authorized to have access to a resource

right of individuals to control or influence what information related to them may be collected and stored and by whom and to whom that information may be disclosed

key of an entity's asymmetric key pair which should only be used by that entity

NOTE In the case of an asymmetric signature system the private key defines the signature transformation. In the case of an asymmetric encipherment system the private key defines the decipherment transformation.

function of managing information in a system

NOTE The role of information manager can be provided by one or many actors. The role of information manager can be performed internally by one or more of the system principal actors, or can be formed commercially or altruistically by one or more third parties.

component, which receives data from ‘AEI Readers’ and compares it with information in a data base at which point an ok or error message is generated and transferred to the message display component

condition where the close proximity of a vehicle/equipment interposed between FE and OBE obscures the signals, thus preventing a successful AVI/AEI transaction

NOTE The shadowing caused by normal traffic behaviour is taken into account and overcome to provide a successful transaction. Abnormal shadowing may be caused by large or unusually shaped vehicles/equipment or by vehicles travelling too closely together.

system for achieving accurate and unambiguous identification of a data-bearing OBE, tag, transponder or natural/prescribed feature, the data or feature being interrogated by means of a system-appropriate source

system providing unique identification of a vehicle by wireless communications between an electronic registration tag carried on a vehicle and an electronic registration reader, and supporting features for a number of purposes and with a minimal to high level of security

onboard ERI device that contains the ERI data, including relevant secuirty promisions and one or more interfaces to access that data

completed cycle of communication (across the air interface at reference point delta) wherein a message identifying a vehicle or item of equipment is successfully received and understood by the receiver during one passage through the read zone

NOTE The number of attempts, retries and repeats is not relevant, it is only that one fully completed identification process communication cycle is successfully completed to the extent that no communications error could be detected.

electronic transmitter/responder which responds to the receipt of suitable modulated or unmodulated downlink signals and transmits predetermined information according to predefined protocols at a predetermined frequency

NOTE The transmissions can be powered from energy obtained from the downlink or can be assisted by an on-board power supply. Forms the core, but not necessarily the only, function of an OBE. Within the AVI/AEI context it is fitted to AVI/AEI vehicle or equipment and its prime function is to provide the identity of the item, but can also contain additional information. In some special purposes transponders can be installed in fixed positions and read by mobile equipment.

service features provided to support the ERI transaction

NOTE Different levels of service are provided within ISO 24535.

masquerade which involves use of previous transmitted messages

public key which defines the public verification transformation

returnable units, reject or surplus goods to be returned through the system to the consignor or returnables manager

means of effecting local (short range) transactions between fixed equipment and OBE(s) using an “air interface” comprising inductive or propagated signals between the fixed equipment and OBE(s)

all means to assemble goods for transportation, storage, handling and product protection in the supply chain which are returned for further usage, including for example pallets with and without cash deposits, as well as all forms of reusable crates, trays, boxes, roll pallets, barrels, trolleys, pallet collars and lids

NOTE 1 The term returnable transport item is usually allocated to secondary packaging. But in certain circumstances also primary packaging may be considered as a form of RTI.

NOTE 2 Freight containers, trailers and other similar enclosed modules are not covered by the term returnable transport item.

NOTE 3 The term returnable transport equipment is considered to have the same definition as the term returnable transport item within an electronic data interchange environment.

entity authentication which provides both entities with assurance of each other’s identity

electronic registration reader or interrogator that can fulfil the requirements defined in ISO 24535

system providing unique identification of a vehicle by wireless communications between an electronic registration tag carried on a vehicle and an electronic registration reader that can fulfil the requirements defined in ISO 24535

condition which exists when two or more items possess such functional and physical characteristics as to be equivalent in performance and durability, and are capable of being exchanged one for the other without alteration of the items themselves, or of adjoining items, and without selection for fit and performance

a device which is programmed at the time of manufacture or prior to use and thereafter can only be read, with no further opportunity to change any of the data held on the device nor its core identification

mechanism which is used to detect whether a data unit has been modified (either accidentally or intentionally)

period of time during which an item of equipment exists and functions according to the relevant requirements